A Review on Energy and Renewable Energy Policies in Iran

Iran, endowed with abundant renewable and non-renewable energy resources, particularly faces challenges such as air pollution, climate change security. As a leading exporter consumer of fossil fuels, it is also attempting to use part its mix toward security sustainability. Due favorable geographic characteristics, Iran has diverse accessible sources, which provide appropriate substitutes reduce dependence on fuels. Therefore, this study aims examine trends in demand, policies development energies the causal relationship between economic growth using two methodologies. This first reviews current state then employs Granger causality analysis test relationships variables considered. Results showed that technologies currently do not have significant adequate role supply Iran. To encourage energy, especially electricity production, fuel diversification program goals were introduced late 2000s early 2010s. Diversifying resources key pillar Iran’s new plan. In addition solar hydropower, biomass from municipal waste large cities other agricultural products, including fruits, can be used generate sources. While present indicate incorporation sustainable further efforts are needed offset Moreover, predicts production capacity products 2018, approximately 4.8 billion liters bioethanol obtained crop residues about 526 thousand tons biodiesel oilseeds annually. Granger’s shows there unidirectional use. Labor force gross fixed capital formation cause consumption, nonrenewable consumption causes consumption.